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User question:

How to measure heart rate variability (HRV) in an electrocardiogram?

GPT4o:

Heart rate variability (HRV) can be measured from an electrocardiogram (ECG) by analyzing the time intervals between successive R-waves, known as R-R intervals or interbeat intervals (IBIs).

RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences): Compute the square root of the mean of the squares of the differences between adjacent R-R intervals.

To compute the RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences) from R-R intervals, you can follow these steps:

1. Obtain R-R Intervals: First, you need a list of R-R intervals, which are the time differences between successive R-wave peaks in the ECG signal.

2. Calculate Successive Differences: Compute the differences between each successive R-R interval.

3. Square the Differences: Square each of these differences.

4. Calculate the Mean of the Squared Differences: Find the mean (average) of these squared differences.

5. Take the Square Root: Finally, take the square root of the mean.

Example Calculation:

Suppose you have the following R-R intervals in milliseconds (ms):
𝑅𝑅=[800,810,790,805,820]

Successive Differences:

Δ𝑅𝑅=[810−800,790−810,805−790,820−805]=[10,−20,15,15]

Squared Differences:

(Δ𝑅𝑅)2=[100,400,225,225]

Mean of Squared Differences:

Mean=(100+400+225+225)=950
950/4=237.5

Root Mean Square:

𝑅𝑀𝑆𝑆𝐷=237.5
≈
15.42 ms